1.表“能力”(=be able to),译成“能够”
例:he can cope with the problem.
= he is able to cope with the problem.
(他能够处理这个问题。)
2.表“可能性”,译成“有可能”
例:he can be wrong (to say so./if he says so.)
(他要是这么说就可能错了。)
3.表“许可”(=may),译成“可以”
例:you can go home now.
(你现在可以回家了。)
you can't smoke here.
(你不可以在这儿抽烟。)
4.在疑问句或否定句中,表“可能性”,译成“有可能”或“不可能”
例:can it be true? no, it can't be true.
(这可能是真的吗?不,这不可能是真的。)
5.表对过去事情的否定推论
can't have 过去分词 不可能会……
例:he is so honest that he can't have stolen your money yesterday.
(他这么老实不可能昨天会偷你的钱。)
表对过去事情的肯定推论,有两种句型:
(1)must have+过去分词 一定曾经……
例:he looks nervous; he must have stolen your money.
(他看起来紧张兮兮的,一定是偷了你的钱。)
(他看起来紧张兮兮的,一定是偷了你的钱。)
(2)may have+过去分词 可能曾经……
例:he may have studied hard when young.
(他年轻的时候可能很用功。)
(他年轻的时候可能很用功。)
注意
疑问句中表对过去事情的推论,则用can...have+过去分词?
例:can he have done it?
(他有可能做过此事吗?)
(他有可能做过此事吗?)
6.could为can的过去时,通常与另一过去时动词并用,用以表示过去的状况。
例:she could speak english well when she was ten.
(她10岁时英语就说得很好了。)
(她10岁时英语就说得很好了。)
when she entered the house, she could smell something burnign.
(她走进屋子时,闻到有东西烧焦了。)
(她走进屋子时,闻到有东西烧焦了。)
7.would,could也可使用在问句中,以表示客气的语气
例:could/would you please do it for me?
(请你帮我做这事好吗?)
(请你帮我做这事好吗?)
8.could=was able to
用子过去时中,表示过去的能力。
例:when young, he could eat eight bowls of rice at a time.
(他年轻时可以一顿吃8碗饭。)
(他年轻时可以一顿吃8碗饭。)
9.can与not并用时,不要写成can not,而要写成cannot或can't
例:he cannot/can't write letters.(o)
(他不会写信。)
(他不会写信。)
he can not write letters.(非习惯用法)
注意
could与not并用时,则应写成could not或couldn't,不要写成could not。
10.有关can的惯用语
(1)i(can not/can only)do so.
(我只能这么做。)
(我只能这么做。)
(2)i cannot but laugh.
= i cannot help but laugh.
= i cannot help/resist laughing.
(我忍不住大笑。)
= i cannot help but laugh.
= i cannot help/resist laughing.
(我忍不住大笑。)
(3)we cannot be too careful in choosing our friends.
(我们在择友时愈小心愈好。)
(我们在择友时愈小心愈好。)
(4)i couldn't care less.
(我一点儿都不在乎。——我已经不在乎到了极点,因些我不能再少一点地不在乎了。)
(我一点儿都不在乎。——我已经不在乎到了极点,因些我不能再少一点地不在乎了。)
(5)i couldn't agree more.
(我同意极了。——我已经同意到了极点,因此我不能再更加地同意了。)
(我同意极了。——我已经同意到了极点,因此我不能再更加地同意了。)
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