助动词及易用错的动词 1-6：Would

1-6：would
1.表过去将来时，与另一过去时动词并用
例：he said that he would try again.
（他说他会再试试。）
he said,"i will try again."
（他说：“我会再试试。”）
did you know when he would come?
（你当时知道他何时会来吗？）
注意
新闻英语中，常出现will与过去时动词并用的现象。
例：he said that he will visit the country sometime in june.
（他说6月份要找个时间去乡下。）
本句暗示he said虽为过去状态，但he will visit...由表示将来一定会发生的状态，在语法上并没有错。为了方便你的了解，特编了下列两段对话：
会话一：
a:i saw john a few days ago.
a：几天前我看到约翰。

b:what did he say?
b：他说了些什么？

a:he said that he would call on you yesterday.
a：他说昨天要拜访你。

b:but as far as i know, he didn't show up yesterday.
b：但是就我所知，他昨天并没有出现。

会话二：

a:i saw john a few days age.
a：几天前我看到约翰。

b:what did he say?
b：他说了些什么？

a:he said that he will call on you tomorrow.
a：他说明天要去拜访你。

b:i'll be expecting him then.
b：到时候我会等他的。

2. would+原形动词 如果……就会……

would have+过去分词

表虚拟语气，分别表与现在和过去事实相反。

例：(l)与现在事实相反

if ihad money now, i would buy a car.
(but i don't have money now.)
（如果我现在有钱，我要买部车。—一但我现在没钱。）

(2)与过去事实相反

if i had money then, i would have bought a car.
(but i didn't have money they.)
（当时我要是有钱，早就买车了。）

*见第七章虚拟语气。

3.would rather+原形动词 宁愿

例：i would rather go than stay here.
= i would sooner go than stay here.
= i would as soon go as stay here.
= i would as lief go as stay here.
（我宁愿走也不要留在这儿。）

4.（i would rather/would/i wish）+(that) 从句

与现在事实相反，that从句用过去时：若与过去事实相反，则用过去完成时。

例：(i would rather/would/i wish) that( he were here./he had time.)
(but he is not here.)
(but he doesn't have time.)
（我真巴不得他在这儿有时间。
——但他不在这儿没有时间。）

i would rather he had been here.
(but he wasn't here.)
（当时我真巴不得他在这儿。——可是他当时并不在。）

i would rather he had had time.
(but he didn't have time.)
（当时我真巴不得他有时间。——但是当时他没空。）

5.would you mind+ v-ing/if从句？你介不介意……
＝ do you mind+ v-ing/if从句

例：would you mind (doing it for me?/if you did it for me?
= do you mind+(doing it for me?/if you did it for me?
（请您帮我做这事好吗？）

注意

would you mind 的口气要比do you mind客气。

同理：would you please do it for me?要比will you please do it for me?语气客气得多。
（请您帮我做这事好吗？）

注意

would you mind之后if从句中，动词须使用过去时，以便与过去时的would配合。do you mind之后的if从句中，动词要使用现在时，以便与现在时的do配合。