1.should 之后接原形动词
2.should的主要功能就是表示一种义务,译为“应当”。此时等于ought to
例:we(you, one, a man) should be kind to others.
(我们应善待他人。)
3.但在下列结构中,习惯上也用should,有其不同的意思
(1)it is (natural/proper/right/advisable/desirable/no vonder) that... should(会)
……会……是自然的,适当的,正当的,恰当的,较好的,无疑的
例:it is natural that he should get angry.
(他会生气是很自然的事。)
it is proper that one who works hard should be successful.
(努力的人会成功,这是合理的。)
it is no wonder that such a naughty boy should be punished.
(这样顽皮的孩子会受到处罚,这是没有什么好奇怪的。)
(2)it is necessary/imperative/essential/important/urgent that...should(应当)
……应当……是有必要的
例: it is necessary that he(should) finish the work before leaving.
(他必须在走之前完成工作。)
(他必须在走之前完成工作。)
在本结构中的should通常予以省略,而保留其后的原形动词。
例:it is important that he finish the job before leaving.
(重要的是,他必须在走之前完成工作。)
(重要的是,他必须在走之前完成工作。)
it is urgent that he do the work now.
(他现在应该赶紧做这项工作。)
(他现在应该赶紧做这项工作。)
(3)it is surprising/amazing that...should(居然)
令人惊异的是……居然……
例:it is surprising that he should be so kind.
(令人惊讶的是,他竟然这么仁慈。)
(令人惊讶的是,他竟然这么仁慈。)
(4)it is (a pity/a regret/regrettable) that...should(居然)
令人遗憾的是……居然……
例:it is a pity that he should be so rude.
(他这么粗鲁,真令人遗憾。)
(他这么粗鲁,真令人遗憾。)
见虚拟语气一章。
4.意志动词的省略
意志动词如表“建议”(propose, recommend,
suggest)、“要求”(ask,
demand,desire,require,insist,request)、“命令”(order,command)、“规定”(rule,regulate)等,之后若有that从句做宾语时,that从句中也使用should,而should往往亦予以省略。
例:he suggested that we (should) go at once.
(他建议我们立刻去。)
(他建议我们立刻去。)
they demanded that he (should) be quiet.
(他们要求他安静。)
(他们要求他安静。)
*见虚拟语气一章。
5. lest表“以免”,为连接副词,所引导的从句亦使用should,而should也可予以省略
例:he came early lest he (should) be late.
= he came early for fear that he might be late.
(他怕迟到而来得很早。)
= he came early for fear that he might be late.
(他怕迟到而来得很早。)
*见虚拟语气一章。
6,if从句若表示与将来状况相反时,应使用should,表“万一”之意
例:if you should be late again, you might spoil the plan.
(你万一再迟到,就会破坏这个计划。)
(你万一再迟到,就会破坏这个计划。)
*见虚拟语气一章。
7.过去时的结构中,要用should代替shall
例:i told him that i should be at home that evening.
(我告诉他那天晚上我会在家。)
(我告诉他那天晚上我会在家。)
i said to him,"i shall be at home this evening."
(我告诉他:“今晚我会在家。”)
(我告诉他:“今晚我会在家。”)
8.should have+过去分词
(1)表与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,译成“早应……”。
例:if you had not helped me, i should have died.
(你当时要是没救我,我就死了。)
(你当时要是没救我,我就死了。)
you should have done it earlier.
(你应该早点儿做好的。)
(你应该早点儿做好的。)
it was such a fine sight. you should have seen it.
(这么好的景色,你当时真该看看的。)
(这么好的景色,你当时真该看看的。)
(2)表“居然已经”,往往出现在下列结构中:
例:it is surprising that he should have passed the examination.
(令人惊讶的是他居然已通过了考试。)
(令人惊讶的是他居然已通过了考试。)
it is a pity that he should have done such a stuqid thing.
(真遗憾他竟然做了这么愚蠢的事。)
(真遗憾他竟然做了这么愚蠢的事。)
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